Ana iya raba masana'antar IVD zuwa ƙananan sassa biyar: ganewar asali na biochemical, immunodiagnosis, gwajin ƙwayoyin jini, ganewar kwayoyin halitta, da POCT.
1. Binciken kwayoyin halitta
1.1 Ma'ana da rarrabawa
Ana amfani da samfuran sinadarai a cikin tsarin ganowa wanda ya ƙunshi na'urorin nazarin halittu, reagents biochemical, da calibrators.Gabaɗaya ana sanya su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti da cibiyoyin gwajin jiki don gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun.
1.2 Rarraba tsarin
2. Immunodiagnosis
2.1 Ma'ana da rarrabawa
Immunodiagnosis na asibiti ya haɗa da chemiluminescence, immunoassay mai alaƙa da enzyme, zinari na colloidal, immunoturbidimetric da abubuwan latex a cikin biochemistry, masu nazarin furotin na musamman, da sauransu. Ƙunƙarar rigakafi na asibiti yawanci yana nufin chemiluminescence.
Tsarin nazari na chemiluminescence shine haɗin uku-uku na reagents, kayan kida da hanyoyin nazari.A halin yanzu, tallace-tallace da masana'antu na chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzers akan kasuwa ana rarraba su gwargwadon matakin sarrafa kansa, kuma ana iya raba su zuwa Semi-atomatik (nau'in farantin luminescence enzyme immunoassay) da cikakken atomatik (nau'in nau'in luminescence).
2.2 Ayyukan nuni
Ana amfani da Chemiluminescence a halin yanzu don gano ciwace-ciwacen daji, aikin thyroid, hormones, da cututtuka masu yaduwa.Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun suna lissafin 60% na jimlar ƙimar kasuwa da 75% -80% na ƙarar gwajin.
Yanzu, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna lissafin kashi 80% na rabon kasuwa.Faɗin aikace-aikacen wasu fakitin yana da alaƙa da halaye, kamar shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da gwajin ƙwayoyi, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a Turai da Amurka, kuma kaɗan kaɗan.
3. Kasuwar kwayar jini
3.1 Ma'anar
Samfurin kirga ƙwayoyin jini ya ƙunshi na'urar tantance ƙwayoyin jini, reagents, calibrators da samfuran sarrafa inganci.Ana kuma kiran mai nazarin ilimin Hematology analyzer, kayan aikin jini, counter cell, da sauransu. Yana daya daga cikin kayan aikin da aka fi amfani da shi don gwajin asibiti na RMB miliyan 100.
Na'urar nazarin kwayar halittar jini tana rarraba kwayoyin farin jini, jajayen jini, da platelets cikin jini ta hanyar juriya ta lantarki, kuma tana iya samun bayanan da suka danganci jini kamar haemoglobin maida hankali, hematocrit, da rabon kowane bangaren tantanin halitta.
A cikin 1960s, an sami ƙididdige ƙwayoyin jini ta hanyar tabo da ƙidayar hannu, wanda ke da rikitarwa a cikin aiki, ƙarancin inganci, ƙarancin ganowa, ƙananan sigogin bincike, da manyan buƙatu don masu yin aiki.Rashin lahani daban-daban sun taƙaita aikace-aikacen sa a fagen gwaji na asibiti.
A shekara ta 1958, Kurt ya ƙirƙiri na'ura mai sauƙin sarrafawa ta hanyar haɗa ƙarfi da fasahar lantarki.
3.2 Rarraba
3.3 Tsarin ci gaba
Fasahar ƙwayoyin jini iri ɗaya ce da ainihin ƙa'idar cytometry kwarara, amma abubuwan da ake buƙata na cytometry kwarara sun fi tsabta, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a dakunan gwaje-gwaje azaman kayan aikin bincike na kimiyya.An riga an sami wasu manyan manyan asibitocin da ke amfani da cytometry na kwarara a cikin dakunan shan magani don nazarin abubuwan da aka samu a cikin jini don tantance cututtukan jini.Gwajin sel na jini zai ci gaba a cikin ingantacciyar hanya mai sarrafa kansa da haɗin kai.
Bugu da ƙari, an haɗa wasu abubuwan gwajin ƙwayoyin halitta, irin su CRP, glycosylated haemoglobin da sauran abubuwa, da gwajin ƙwayoyin jini a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.Ana iya kammala bututun jini guda ɗaya.Babu buƙatar amfani da magani don gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta.CRP kawai abu ɗaya ne, wanda ake sa ran zai kawo sararin kasuwa biliyan 10.
4.1 Gabatarwa
Fahimtar kwayoyin halitta ya kasance wuri mai zafi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amma aikace-aikacen sa na asibiti har yanzu yana da iyaka.Binciken kwayoyin halitta yana nufin aikace-aikacen dabarun ilimin kwayoyin halitta don gano sunadaran tsarin tsarin cuta, enzymes, antigens da antibodies, da nau'o'in kwayoyin da ke aiki da rigakafi, da kuma kwayoyin halittar da ke ɓoye waɗannan kwayoyin.Bisa ga daban-daban ganewa dabaru, shi za a iya raba lissafin kudi hybridization, PCR amplification, gene guntu, gene sequencing, taro spectrometry, da dai sauransu A halin yanzu, kwayoyin ganewar asali da aka yadu amfani da cututtuka, jini nunawa, farkon ganewar asali, keɓaɓɓen magani. cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta, ganewar asali na haihuwa, buga nama da sauran fannoni.
4.2 Rarraba
4.3 Aikace-aikacen Kasuwa
Ana amfani da ganewar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta sosai a cikin cututtuka masu yaduwa, gwajin jini da sauran fannoni.Tare da ingantuwar yanayin rayuwar mutane, za a sami ƙarin wayar da kan jama'a da buƙatun gano ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.Ci gaban masana'antar likitanci da kiwon lafiya baya iyakance ga ganewar asali da magani, amma ya wuce rigakafin Magungunan jima'i.Tare da tantance taswirar halittar ɗan adam, ganewar asali na ƙwayoyin cuta yana da fa'ida mai fa'ida a cikin jiyya na mutum ɗaya har ma da yawan amfani.Fahimtar kwayoyin halitta yana cike da dama daban-daban a nan gaba, amma dole ne mu kasance a faɗake game da kumfa na ganewar asali da magani a hankali.
A matsayin fasaha mai mahimmanci, ganewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ya ba da gudummawa mai girma ga ganewar asibiti.A halin yanzu, babban aikace-aikacen gano kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasata shine gano cututtukan cututtuka, irin su HPV, HBV, HCV, HIV da sauransu.Aikace-aikacen nuna haihuwa suma sun yi girma, kamar BGI, Berry da Kang, da sauransu, gano DNA kyauta a cikin jinin ɗan tayi ya maye gurbin dabarar amniocentesis a hankali.
5.POCT
5.1 Ma'ana da rarrabawa
POCT yana nufin dabarar bincike inda ƙwararrun ƙwararru ke amfani da kayan aiki masu ɗaukuwa don bincika samfuran marasa lafiya da sauri da samun sakamako mafi kyau a kusa da mai haƙuri.
Saboda manyan bambance-bambance a cikin hanyoyin dandamali na gwaji, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don haɗakar abubuwan gwaji, kewayon tunani yana da wahala a ayyana shi, sakamakon ma'aunin yana da wahala a ba da garanti, kuma masana'antar ba ta da ƙa'idodin kula da inganci masu dacewa, kuma zai kasance. hargitsi da warwatse na dogon lokaci.Dangane da tarihin ci gaban POCT giant Alere, haɗin kai na M&A a cikin masana'antar shine ingantaccen tsarin haɓakawa.
5.2 Kayan aikin POCT da aka fi amfani da su
1. Da sauri gwada mita glucose na jini
2. Mai sauri jini gas analyzer
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-23-2021