GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA
Kuva isahani ya reagent ivumburwa mu 1951, byabaye ngombwa mubisabwa byinshi;harimo kwisuzumisha kwa kliniki, ibinyabuzima bya molekuline na biologiya selile, ndetse no gusesengura ibiryo na farumasi.Akamaro k'isahani ya reagent ntigomba gusobanurwa kuko ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwa vuba burimo kwinjizamo ibicuruzwa byinshi bisa nkaho bidashoboka.
Byakoreshejwe muburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa mubuvuzi, amasomo, imiti nubuvuzi, ibyo byapa byubatswe hakoreshejwe plastiki imwe.Ibisobanuro, bimaze gukoreshwa, bipakirwa hanyuma byoherezwa ahajugunywe imyanda cyangwa bikajugunywa no gutwikwa - akenshi nta kongera ingufu.Aya masahani iyo yoherejwe mu myanda agira uruhare muri toni zigera kuri miliyoni 5.5 z’imyanda ya laboratoire ikorwa buri mwaka.Mugihe umwanda wa plastike ugenda uba ikibazo cyisi yose yo guhangayikishwa cyane, bitera kwibaza - isahani ya reagent yarangiye ishobora gutabwa muburyo bwangiza ibidukikije?
Turaganira niba dushobora kongera gukoresha no gutunganya ibyapa bya reagent, kandi tugashakisha bimwe mubibazo bifitanye isano.
NIKI CYEREKEZO CYA REAGENT YAKOREWE?
Isahani ya reagent ikorwa muri thermoplastique, polipropilene.Polypropilene ikwiranye na plastiki ya laboratoire bitewe n'ibiranga - bihendutse, biremereye, biramba, ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe butandukanye.Nibisanzwe kandi bikomeye, byoroshye kandi byoroshye, kandi mubitekerezo biroroshye kujugunya.Birashobora kandi gukorwa muri Polystirene nibindi bikoresho.
Nyamara, polypropilene hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bya plastiki birimo Polystirene byakozwe mu rwego rwo kurinda isi kamere kutangirika no gukoreshwa cyane, ubu bitera impungenge nyinshi z’ibidukikije.Iyi ngingo yibanze ku masahani yakozwe muri Polypropilene.
KUGARAGAZA AHO BASANZWE
Amasahani ya reagent yarangiye avuye muri laboratoire yigenga n’abikorera ku giti cyabo yo mu Bwongereza ajugunywa muri bumwe mu buryo bubiri.Barashobora 'gupakira' hejuru no koherezwa mu myanda, cyangwa barashya.Ubu buryo bwombi bwangiza ibidukikije.
KUBONA
Iyo bimaze gushyingurwa ahamanikwa imyanda, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bifata hagati yimyaka 20 na 30 kugirango biodegrade bisanzwe.Muri iki gihe, inyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mu musaruro wazo, zirimo uburozi nka gurş na kadmium, burashobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu butaka bugakwira mu mazi yo mu butaka.Ibi birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyane kuri bio-sisitemu nyinshi.Kugumisha isahani ya reagent hanze yubutaka nibyingenzi.
INCINERATION
Gutwika gutwika imyanda, iyo bikozwe ku rugero runini bishobora gutanga ingufu zikoreshwa.Iyo gutwika bikoreshwa nkuburyo bwo gusenya ibyapa bya reagent, havuka ibibazo bikurikira:
● Iyo isahani ya reagent yatwitse irashobora gusohora dioxyde na vinyl chloride.Byombi bifitanye isano n'ingaruka mbi ku bantu.Dioxyyine ni uburozi bukabije kandi irashobora gutera kanseri, ibibazo by’imyororokere n’iterambere, kwangiza sisitemu y’umubiri, kandi bishobora kubangamira imisemburo [5].Vinyl chloride yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima idasanzwe (hepatic angiosarcoma), hamwe na kanseri yo mu bwonko no mu bihaha, lymphoma, na leukemia.
Ash Ivu rishobora guteza ingaruka zigihe gito (nko kugira isesemi no kuruka) ingaruka zigihe kirekire (nko kwangirika kwimpyiko na kanseri).
Imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ku gutwika hamwe n’andi masoko nka mazutu ya mazutu na peteroli bigira uruhare mu ndwara z’ubuhumekero.
Countries Ibihugu by’iburengerazuba bikunze kohereza imyanda mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kugira ngo bitwikwe, aho usanga rimwe na rimwe biba biri mu bigo bitemewe, aho umwotsi w’ubumara wacyo uhita ubangamira ubuzima bw’abaturage, bigatuma ibintu byose biva ku ruhu kugeza kanseri.
● Dukurikije politiki y’ishami ry’ibidukikije, kujugunya mu gutwika bigomba kuba inzira ya nyuma
UMUKINO W'IKIBAZO
NHS yonyine ikora toni 133.000 za plastiki buri mwaka, hamwe 5% gusa byongeye gukoreshwa.Bimwe muriyi myanda irashobora kwitirirwa isahani ya reagent.Nkuko NHS yabitangaje ni Kuri Greener NHS [2] yiyemeje gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rishya rifasha kugabanya ikirenge cyayo cya karubone ihinduranya ikava mu bikoresho ikongera gukoreshwa aho bishoboka.Kongera gukoresha cyangwa gukoresha ibyapa bya polipropilene reagent byombi ni uburyo bwo guta amasahani muburyo bwangiza ibidukikije.
KUGARAGAZA AHO BASANZWE
96 Ibyapairashobora gukoreshwa mubyukuri, ariko hariho ibintu byinshi bivuze ko akenshi bidashoboka.Aba ni:
● Kwoza kugirango ukoreshe nanone biratwara igihe kinini
● Hariho ikiguzi kijyanye no kubasukura, cyane cyane kumashanyarazi
● Niba amarangi yarakoreshejwe, umusemburo kama usabwa kugirango ukureho amarangi urashobora gushonga isahani
Sol Umuyoboro wose hamwe nogukoresha ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugusukura bigomba kuvaho burundu
Isahani igomba gukaraba ako kanya nyuma yo kuyikoresha
Kugirango isahani ishobore kongera gukoreshwa, amasahani agomba kuba atandukanye nibicuruzwa byumwimerere nyuma yisuku.Hariho izindi ngorane zo gusuzuma nazo, nkaho isahani zavuwe kugirango zongere poroteyine, uburyo bwo gukaraba bushobora no guhindura imiterere ihuza.Isahani ntizaba ikiri nkumwimerere.
Niba laboratoire yawe ishaka kongera gukoreshaisahani, ibyombo byikora byikora nkibi birashobora kuba amahitamo meza.
KUBONA AKAZI KA REAGENT
Hano hari intambwe eshanu zigira uruhare mugutunganya amasahani Intambwe eshatu zibanza nimwe nugutunganya ibindi bikoresho ariko bibiri byanyuma birakomeye.
Icyegeranyo
● Gutondeka
● Isuku
Gusubiramo mugushonga - polypropilene yakusanyirijwe igaburirwa muri extruder hanyuma igashonga kuri 4,640 ° F (2,400 ° C) hanyuma igashishwa.
Gukora ibicuruzwa bishya biva muri PP
INGORANE N'AMAHIRWE MU KUBONA AKAZI KA REAGENT
Gusubiramo ibyapa bya reagent bisaba imbaraga nkeya kuruta gukora ibicuruzwa bishya biva mu bicanwa biva mu kirere [4], bigatuma ihitamo neza.Ariko, hariho inzitizi zitari nke zigomba kwitabwaho.
POLYPROPYLENE YASABWE CYANE
Mu gihe polypropilene ishobora gutunganywa, kugeza vuba aha ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza ku isi hose (muri Amerika biravugwa ko bizongera gukoreshwa ku gipimo kiri munsi ya 1 ku ijana kugira ngo nyuma y’umuguzi ugaruke).Hariho impamvu zibiri zingenzi zibitera:
Gutandukana - Hariho ubwoko 12 butandukanye bwa plastiki kandi biragoye cyane kuvuga itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko butandukanye bigatuma bigorana kubitandukanya no kubitunganya.Mugihe tekinoroji nshya ya kamera yatunganijwe na Vestforbrænding, Dansk Affaldsminimering Aps, na PLASTIX ishobora kwerekana itandukaniro riri hagati ya plastiki, ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane kuburyo plastiki igomba gutondekwa nintoki aho ikomoka cyangwa nubuhanga budahwitse bwa infragre.
Changes Guhindura imitungo - Polimeri itakaza imbaraga nubworoherane binyuze mubice bikurikirana.Isano iri hagati ya hydrogène na karubone mu ruganda igenda igabanuka, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bwibikoresho.
Ariko, hariho impamvu zimwe zicyizere.Porokireri & Gamble ku bufatanye na PureCycle Technologies barimo kubaka uruganda rutunganya PP mu gace ka Lawrence, muri Leta ya Ohio ruzakora polypropilene itunganijwe neza kandi ifite “isugi”.
PLASTICS ZA LABORATORY ZASOHOTSE MU GAHUNDA YO KUBONA
Nubwo isahani ya laboratoire ikozwe mubikoresho bisubirwamo, ni imyumvire ikunze kugaragara ko ibikoresho byose bya laboratoire byanduye.Iki gitekerezo gisobanura ko amasahani ya reagent, kimwe na plastiki zose mubuvuzi na laboratoire ku isi, byahise bivanwa muri gahunda yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, ndetse n’aho bimwe bitanduye.Amashuri amwe muriki gice arashobora gufasha mukurwanya ibi.
Nkibi nkibi, ibisubizo bishya bitangwa namasosiyete akora laboratoire na kaminuza zirimo gushyiraho gahunda yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa.
Itsinda rya Thermal Compaction Group ryateguye ibisubizo byemerera ibitaro na laboratoire zigenga gutunganya plastiki kurubuga.Barashobora gutandukanya plastiki ku isoko hanyuma bagahindura polypropilene muri briquettes zikomeye zishobora koherezwa kubitunganya.
Kaminuza zateje imbere uburyo bwo kwanduza mu ngo kandi zungurana ibiganiro n’inganda zitunganya polipropilene kugira ngo zegeranye plastiki zanduye.Plastike yakoreshejwe noneho isunikwa mumashini igakoreshwa mubindi bicuruzwa bitandukanye.
INCAMAKE
Isahanini laboratoire ya buri munsi ikoreshwa mugutanga toni zigera kuri miriyoni 5.5 zimyanda ya laboratoire yakozwe n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bigera ku 20.500 ku isi mu 2014, toni 133.000 z’imyanda y’umwaka ituruka muri NHS kandi 5% gusa ni yo ishobora gukoreshwa.
Isahani ya reagent yarangiye amateka yagiye akurwa muri gahunda yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bigira uruhare muri iyi myanda no kwangiza ibidukikije byatewe na plastiki imwe.
Hariho imbogamizi zikenewe kuneshwa mugutunganya ibyapa bya reagent nibindi bikoresho bya laboratoire bishobora kurangira bifata ingufu nke kugirango bikoreshwe ugereranije no gukora ibicuruzwa bishya.
Gukoresha cyangwa gusubiramoAmasahani 96ninzira zombi zangiza ibidukikije zo guhangana nibisahani byakoreshejwe kandi byarangiye.Ariko, hariho ingorane zijyanye no gutunganya polypropilene no kwemerera plastike yakoreshejwe mubushakashatsi na laboratoire ya NHS ndetse no gukoresha amasahani.
Imbaraga zo kunoza gukaraba no gutunganya, kimwe no gutunganya no kwakira imyanda ya laboratoire, irakomeje.Ikoranabuhanga rishya ririmo gutezwa imbere no gushyirwa mu bikorwa twizeye ko dushobora kujugunya amasahani ya reagent mu buryo bwangiza ibidukikije.
Hariho inzitizi zimwe na zimwe zigikeneye gukemurwa muri kano karere ndetse nubundi bushakashatsi nuburezi byakozwe na laboratoire ninganda zikorera muri kano karere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-23-2022