Laboratoire ikoreshwa muri laboratoire nibikoresho byingirakamaro mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugezweho. Ibi bintu bikoreshwa, nkaInamaIsahani Yimbitse, koroshya laboratoire ikora neza kugirango urebe neza kandi neza. Ikozwe muri polymers iramba nka polypropilene na polystirene, bashyigikira porogaramu zitandukanye, harimokubika icyitegererezo, imiti yimiti, hamwe no gusuzuma. Igishushanyo cyabo kigabanya ingaruka zanduye kandi kongerera ubushobozi ibikoresho bya laboratoire, kuzamura umutekano no gukora neza. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge byujuje ubuziranenge bwo gukora, bitanga ibisubizo bihamye. Waba ukora ibizamini bya mikorobe cyangwa isesengura ryimiti, ibi bikoresho nibyingenzi mugukomeza ukuri no kwizerwa mubushakashatsi bwawe.
Kubindi bisobanuro cyangwa ubufasha,TwandikireUyu munsi.
Ibyingenzi
- Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki ya laboratoire, nkinama za pipette nibiryo bya petri, nibyingenzi mubushakashatsi nyabwo kandi bwizewe.
- Toranya ibikoresho byiza uzi inshingano zawe kandi ukoresheje ibikoresho birinda kwanduza cyangwa amakosa.
- Koresha ibicuruzwa byiza-byemewe, byemejwe kugirango laboratoire yawe ikore neza kandi neza.
- Fasha ibidukikije uhitamo ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyangwa biodegradable kugirango ugabanye imyanda ya plastike.
- Wige ibikoresho bishya bya laboratoire kugirango ukore vuba kandi uhuze ibikenewe mubushakashatsi.
Ubwoko bwa Laboratoire ikoreshwa
Laboratoire ikoreshwa muri laboratoire igira uruhare runini mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugezweho. Ibi bintu byashyizwe mubyiciro byinshi bishingiye kubyo basabye, harimo ibikoreshwa mu buryo bwa reagent, ibikoreshwa mu muco w’akagari, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bigerageza ibinyabuzima. Hasi, urahasanga incamake yubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwibikoreshwa nibikoreshwa byihariye.
Imiyoboro hamwe ninama
Impanuro hamwe ninamani ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kohereza amazi muri laboratoire. Bemeza neza kandi byororoka, nibyingenzi mubigeragezo bisaba gufata neza amazi. Urashobora gukoresha inama za pipette kugirango wirinde kwanduza, kuko zikora nka bariyeri hagati yicyitegererezo na pipeti. Iyi mikorere ni ingenzi cyane kubuhanga nka PCR, aho kwanduzanya bishobora guhungabanya ibisubizo. Impapuro zishobora gukoreshwa inama zibika umwanya mukuraho gukenera gukaraba no kuboneza urubyaro. Kuboneka kwabo mubunini no muburyo butandukanye bituma borohereza porogaramu zitandukanye, kuva ibinyabuzima bya molekuline kugeza isesengura ryimiti.
Ibyokurya bya Petri
Ibyokurya bya Petri nibyingenzi kuri microbiologiya no kugerageza umuco. Ibikoresho bitaremereye, bya silindrike bitanga ibidukikije byiza byo gukura mikorobe cyangwa selile. Urashobora kubikoresha kugirango witegereze ubukoroni, gupima antibiyotike, cyangwa kwiga imyitwarire ya selile. Ibyokurya bya pulasitiki bya sterile bikunzwe kuruta ubundi ibirahuri bitewe na kamere yabyo, bigabanya ingaruka zanduye. Igishushanyo cyabo cyoroheje nacyo kiborohereza kubyitwaramo mugihe cyubushakashatsi. Waba ukora ubushakashatsi muri mikorobi cyangwa wigisha abanyeshuri ibijyanye no gukura kwa mikorobe, ibiryo bya petri nigikoresho cyibanze.
Centrifuge Tubes
Imiyoboro ya Centrifuge yagenewe gutandukanya ibice murugero binyuze muri centrifugation. Imiyoboro ya plastike ya centrifuge itanga ibyiza byinshi kurenza ibirahure. Niyoroheje, yamenetse, hamwe na chimique irwanya, bigatuma itekana kandi itandukanye. Urashobora kubikoresha mubikorwa bitandukanye, nko gutandukanya ADN, proteyine, cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima. Amahitamo akurwaho akuraho isuku, guta igihe no kugabanya ingaruka zanduye. Igishushanyo kiboneye kigufasha gukurikirana ibirimo byoroshye, ukemeza ibisubizo nyabyo. Ibi biranga gukora plasitike ya centrifuge ya pulasitike ihendutse kandi yizewe kuri laboratoire.
Microplates
Microplates ni ngombwa muri laboratoire, cyane cyane kurikwerekana-byinshi byinjira (HTS)hamwe no gusuzuma. Ibi bikoresho bitandukanye bigufasha kuyobora icyarimwe ibinyabuzima cyangwa imiti icyarimwe, bikabika umwanya numutungo. Microplates ije muburyo butandukanye, nka 96-iriba na 384-amasahani, buri kimwe cyagenewe guhuza ibyifuzo byihariye. Kurugero ,.384-neza Microplate ntoyabyongera imbaraga za reagent mukwakira amariba menshi murwego rumwe. Iyi mikorere ituma biba byiza kuri fluorescence hamwe na luminescence.
Mugihe uhisemo microplate, ugomba gutekereza kubintu nkumubare mwiza, ingano, hamwe nubuvuzi bwo hejuru. Ibiranga bigira ingaruka zitaziguye. Kugirango ugaragaze ibintu byinshi hamwe na microscopi, plaque ya microtiter hamwe na sikloolefin ya firime yerekana neza ko ikemurwa kandi igahuza selile. Gukemura neza, harimo kuvanga na incubation, nabyo ni ngombwa kubisubizo byizewe. Muguhitamo microplate ibereye, urashobora guhindura ubushakashatsi bwawe kandi ukagera kubisubizo bihamye.
Beakers na Cuvettes
Beakers na cuvettes nibikoresho byingenzi bya laboratoire ikoreshwa mugutunganya amazi. Inzoga, hamwe numunwa mugari hamwe nuburinganire, birahagije kuvanga, gushyushya, cyangwa kwimura ibisubizo. Ibimenyetso byabo barangije bigufasha gupima amajwi byoroshye. Amashanyarazi ya plastiki, akenshi akozwe muri polypropilene, yoroheje, aramba, kandi arwanya imiti, bigatuma akora imirimo itandukanye ya laboratoire.
Ku rundi ruhande, Cuvettes ni ngombwa kuri spekitifoto. Ibikoresho bito, bisobanutse bifata ibyitegererezo byamazi yo gusesengura neza. Cuvettes ya plastike, mubusanzwe ikozwe muri polystirene cyangwa polymethyl methacrylate, irahenze kandi irashobora gukoreshwa, bikagabanya ibyago byo kwanduza. Waba urimo gupima ibyinjira cyangwa fluorescence, cuvettes yemeza ibisubizo nyabyo kandi byororoka.
Ibindi bikoreshwa (urugero, cryovial, tubes zipimisha, inama zo kuyungurura)
Laboratoire zishingiye kumurongo mugari wibindi bikoreshwa kugirango zunganire porogaramu zitandukanye. Dore ingero zimwe:
| Ubwoko bukoreshwa | Imikorere | Ibikoresho | Porogaramu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cryovial na Cryogenic Tubes | Bika ingero z'ibinyabuzima ku bushyuhe buke. | Polypropilene (PP) | Kubika igihe kirekire icyitegererezo cyibinyabuzima. |
| Ikizamini | Fata, uvange, cyangwa ushushe imiti nubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima. | Polypropilene (PP), polystirene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) | Imiti yimiti, mikorobe, nisesengura ryicyitegererezo. |
| Akayunguruzo | Irinde kwanduza mugihe cyo gufata amazi. | Polypropilene (PP) | PCR, ibinyabuzima bya molekuline, hamwe no gusuzuma. |
Ibi bikoreshwa byongera laboratoire itanga ibisubizo byihariye byo kubika, gusesengura, no gutunganya amazi. Kurugero, cryovial zituma habaho kubungabunga umutekano wibinyabuzima, mugihe inama zo kuyungurura zigabanya ingaruka zanduye mugihe cyoroshye. Mugushira ibyo bikoresho mubikorwa byawe, urashobora gukomeza neza kandi wizewe mubushakashatsi bwawe.
Ubwoko bwa Laboratoire ikoreshwa
Ubusobanuro bwuzuye
Wishingikirije kumashanyarazi ya laboratoire kugirango ugere kubisubizo nyabyo kandi byukuri mubushakashatsi bwawe. Igishushanyo mbonera n’ibikorwa byabo byerekana kwihanganira byimazeyo no kugenzurwa kwera, bifite akamaro kanini kubyara. Ibikoreshwa birwanya imashini nubushyuhe bwumuriro, bigatuma bikenerwa gusaba. Imiti myinshi irwanya imiti irinda reaction hamwe nicyitegererezo, ikomeza ubusugire bwibisubizo byawe. Byongeye kandi, ubusobanuro bwabo muburyo no gukomera byemeza guhuza ibikoresho bya laboratoire, kugabanya amakosa. Ukoresheje ibikoresho byabugenewe kugirango wirinde kwangiza ibintu byangiza, urashobora gukomeza kwizerwa mubushakashatsi bwawe.
Kurinda Umutekano no Kwanduza
Kurinda umutekano no kwanduza ni ngombwa muri laboratoire iyo ari yo yose. Ibikoresho bya laboratoire ikoreshwa muri laboratoire, nkinama za pipette hamwe nigituba cya centrifuge, mubisanzwe ni sterile mbere yo kuyikoresha. Uku kutabyara kwemeza ko ingero zawe ziguma zanduye, zirinda ubusugire bwibisubizo byawe. Kamere yabo imwe ikoresha ikuraho ibyago byo kwanduzanya hagati yubushakashatsi. Kurugero, ibikoreshwa bikoreshwa birinda ibisigara cyangwa mikorobe ibigeragezo byabanje kutagira ingaruka kubushakashatsi bushya. Urashobora gukoresha wizeye neza ibyo bikoresho byo gukusanya icyitegererezo, gutegura, no kubika, uzi ko bibungabunga ibidukikije bifite umutekano kandi bigenzurwa.
Kuramba no Gutekereza Ibidukikije
Ingaruka ku bidukikije zikoreshwa muri laboratoire zikoreshwa muri laboratoire. Laboratoire zitangahejuru ya miliyari 12 zama pound yimyanda ya plastike buri mwaka, kugira uruhare runini mu kwanduza isi. Kurugero, kubyara 96-rack yinama ya polypropilene irekura hafi 0,304 kg ya CO2 ihwanye kandi ikoresha litiro 6,6 zamazi. Nyamara, imikorere irambye iragaragara kugirango ikemure ibyo bibazo. Bioplastique, biteganijwe ko izatwara 40% yinganda za plastike bitarenze 2030, itanga ubundi buryo butanga ikizere. Polimeri ikomoka kuri biomass nayo irimo gutegurwa kugirango isimbuze plastiki idashobora kwangirika. Kwemeza urwego rw'ubukungu ruzenguruka, nkuko bigaragara muri Laboratwari ya Genever muri kaminuza ya York, birashobora kugabanya cyane imyanda. Mugutunganya uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu no guhinduranya ibyapa bito byinshi,yagabanije imyanda ya plastike kugeza ku kilo 1.000 buri mwaka. Urashobora gutanga umusanzu urambye uhitamo ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo kugabanya imyanda muri laboratoire yawe.
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri Laboratoire ikoreshwa
Polypropilene (PP)
Polypropilene (PP) ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri laboratoire ikoreshwa muri laboratoire kubera imiterere yihariye. Uzasanga byoroshye kandi byoroshye kubyitwaramo, bigabanya umurego mugihe cyimirimo isubiramo. Imiti myinshi irwanya imiti ituma ikwirakwizwa na acide, ibishingwe, hamwe nuwashonga, nubwo atari byiza kuri okiside ikomeye. PP nayo irashobora kwizerwa, ikwemerera kuyifata kuri 121 ° C utabangamiye ubunyangamugayo bwayo. Iyi mikorere itanga amahitamo meza kandi yongeye gukoreshwa mubisabwa bisaba kutabyara.
| Umutungo | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Kurwanya Imiti Yinshi | Kurwanya acide nyinshi, shingiro, hamwe numuti; ntibikwiriye okiside ikomeye. |
| Autoclavable | Irashobora guhindurwa kuri 121 ° C na 15 psi muminota 15. |
| Umucyo | Biroroshye kubyitwaramo no kugabanya uburemere muri rusange muri laboratoire. |
Kuramba kwa PP hamwe nigiciro-cyiza bituma ihitamo kubintu nka centrifuge tubes, inama za pipette, na cryovial. Icyemezo cya FDA cyo guhuza ibiryo kirushijeho kwerekana umutekano wacyo kandi bitandukanye.
Polystirene (PS)
Polystirene (PS) ni ikindi kintu gikoreshwa cyane muri laboratoire ikoreshwa muri laboratoire. Gukorera mu mucyo kugufasha kubona byoroshye ingero, bigatuma biba byiza mubisabwa nkibiryo bya petri hamwe nigituba cyumuco. PS idafite ibara kandi irakomeye, ariko ibura guhinduka kandi ikunda kuba mubi. Mugihe itanga imiti igabanya ubukana, ntibikwiye aside irike, ibishingwe, cyangwa ibishishwa kama.
| Umutungo | Polystirene (PS) |
|---|---|
| Kuramba | Kumeneka, kubura imiti, ntabwo irwanya ubushyuhe. |
| Gukorera mu mucyo | Mucyo, nibyiza kubireba icyitegererezo cyo kureba. |
| Porogaramu | Ibyokurya bya Petri, imiyoboro yumuco, imiyoboro ikoreshwa. |
Ugomba gutekereza PS kubikorwa aho kugaragara no kujugunywa aribyo byihutirwa, ariko wirinde kubikoresha mubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa imiti ikaze.
Polyethylene (PE) nibindi bikoresho
Polyethylene (PE) igaragara cyane muburyo bwinshi kandi burambye. Irwanya gucika intege kandi ikagumana guhinduka, nubwo haba mubihe bitoroshye. PE imiti irwanya imiti ituma ikenerwa no gutunganya ibinyabuzima hamwe na electrolytique. Byongeye kandi, gusubiramo kwayo guhuza nibikorwa bya laboratoire birambye.
Polyethylene niyo plastike ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose kubera imbaraga zayo nubushobozi bwo kurambura itavunitse. Irwanya alkalis na acide nyinshi, bigatuma ihitamo kwizewe muri laboratoire.
Ibindi bikoresho nka polyethylene yuzuye (HDPE) na polyethylene nkeya (LDPE) nabyo bigira uruhare mu gukoresha plastiki ya laboratoire. Ibi bikoresho, hamwe na PP na PS, bitanga urutonde rwamahitamo ajyanye nibibazo byihariye byo kugerageza.
Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ibikwiye bya Laboratoire
Reba Gusaba
Guhitamo ibikoresho bya laboratoire ikoreshwa neza bitangirana no gusobanukirwa na progaramu yawe yihariye. Buri igeragezwa cyangwa inzira bifite ibisabwa byihariye, kandi ibikoreshwa wahisemo bigomba guhuza nibikenewe. Kurugero, niba ukorana na centrifugation yihuta, hitamo imiyoboro ya centrifuge ishobora kwihanganira imbaraga zikomeye za centrifugal. Muri ubwo buryo ,, porogaramu zirimo isesengura rya optique isaba ibikoreshwa hamwe no gukorera mu mucyo, nka polystirene cuvettes.
Ugomba kandi gusuzuma imikorere yimikorere yibikoreshwa. Reba ibintu nkibikomeye, byuzuye, kandi biramba. Ibiranga byemeza imikorere yizewe kandi bigabanya ibyago byamakosa mugihe cyubushakashatsi. Mugihe ikiguzi ari ikintu, shyira imbere imikorere no kuramba kurenza igiciro cyambere cyo kugura. Kuringaniza ibiciro byimbere hamwe nibikorwa byigihe kirekire byakazi bizagufasha gufata icyemezo cyuzuye.
Suzuma Guhuza Ibikoresho
Guhuza ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mukwemeza intsinzi yubushakashatsi bwawe. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bitanga urwego rutandukanye rwimiti, ubushyuhe, nubukanishi. Kurugero, polypropilene ninziza mugukoresha acide na base kubera imiti irwanya imiti myinshi, mugihe polyethylene irusha imbaraga guhinduka no kuramba. Niba akazi kawe karimo sterisizione, hitamo ibikoreshwa bikozwe mubikoresho byikora nka polypropilene.
Kugira ngo wirinde ingorane, ihuza ibintu bifatika nubushakashatsi bwawe. Reba ibintu nko guhuza imiti, gukorera mu mucyo, no guhinduka. Gukoresha ibikoresho bidahuye birashobora kuganisha ku gutesha agaciro cyangwa ibisubizo byangiritse. Mugusuzuma witonze kuri izi ngingo, urashobora guhitamo ibikoreshwa byujuje ibyifuzo bya laboratoire yawe.
Suzuma ubuziranenge n'impamyabumenyi
Ubwiza nicyemezo ntigishobora kuganirwaho mugihe uhisemo laboratoire ikoreshwa muri laboratoire. Ibicuruzwa byemejwe ninzego zishinzwe kugenzura nka FDA, ISO, cyangwa CE byujuje ubuziranenge bukomeye, byemeza kwizerwa n'umutekano. Buri gihe ugenzure ko utanga isoko yubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ISO bijyanye.
Byongeye kandi, genzura ibikoreshwa kubimenyetso byo gusaza cyangwa inenge. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bigomba gukomeza uburinganire bwimiterere mugihe. Menya neza ko ibikoresho fatizo, nka polypropilene cyangwa polyethylene, byujuje ibyangombwa bya laboratoire bigezweho. Mugushira imbere ibyangombwa byemewe kandi byujuje ubuziranenge, urashobora kuzamura ukuri numutekano byubushakashatsi bwawe.
Ibintu mu Kuramba
Kuramba bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo ibikoreshwa muri laboratoire. Nkuko laboratoire zitanga imyanda myinshi ya plastike, ugomba gutekereza ku bidukikije kubyo wahisemo. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko buri mwaka laboratoire y’ibinyabuzima n’ubuhinzi itanga toni zigera kuri 5.5 z’imyanda ya pulasitike buri mwaka. Ibi birerekana ko byihutirwa gukoreshwa muburyo burambye mubikorwa bya laboratoire.
Uburyo bumwe bufatika burimo kwimukira muri sisitemu ifunze. Mugukaraba no gukoresha ibikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya pipette hamwe namasahani, urashobora kugabanya cyane imyanda utabangamiye ubuziranenge. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na NIH na CDC bwemeza ko inama zongeye gukoreshwa zigumana ibipimo ngenderwaho nkibishya. Ubu buryo ntabwo bugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije gusa ahubwo bugabanya ibiciro mugihe.
Ababikora nabo bakemura ibibazo birambye mugutezimbere ibikoresho bishya. Ibinyabuzima bioplastike hamwe nibinyabuzima bigenda byiyongera bigenda bigaragara cyane, biguha ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kuri plastiki gakondo. Biteganijwe ko ibyo bikoresho bizaba bigera kuri 40% yinganda za plastike bitarenze 2030, byerekana ko hari impinduka nini igana muri laboratoire. Guhitamo amahitamo nkaya agufasha guhuza ibikorwa bya laboratoire nintego zirambye zisi.
Usibye guhitamo ibintu, urashobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya imyanda kugirango urusheho kuzamura iterambere rirambye. Kurugero, guhinduranya kuri plaque ntoya cyangwa guhitamo ibishushanyo mbonera bishobora kugabanya ingano yimikoreshereze ikoreshwa. Gahunda yo gutunganya porogaramu igenewe plastiki ya laboratoire nayo itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga imyanda neza.
Mugukomeza kuramba mugikorwa cyawe cyo gufata ibyemezo, utanga umusanzu mukugabanya ibidukikije bya laboratoire yawe. Guhitamo ibikoreshwa byongeye gukoreshwa, ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gucunga imyanda byemeza ko akazi kawe gashyigikira iterambere ryubumenyi ndetse no kwita kubidukikije.
Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bya laboratoire bigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura imikorere, neza, n'umutekano mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Ibi bikoresho byemeza neza kandi byizewe mubigeragezo, nkuko bigaragara mugihe cyorezo cya COVID-19 mugihe kubura inama za pipette na gants byahagaritse imishinga ikomeye. Kuboneka kwabo gushigikira ibikorwa bidafite gahunda kandi bigabanya ingaruka zanduye, bigatuma biba ngombwa muri laboratoire.
Urashobora guhitamo muburyo butandukanye bwibikoreshwa, harimo inama ya pipette, imiyoboro ya centrifuge, na microplates, buri kimwe cyagenewe porogaramu zihariye. Guhitamo ibikoreshwa neza bisaba gutekereza cyane kubintu nko kurwanya imiti, gukorera mu mucyo, no kuramba. Gushyira imbere ubuziranenge no kuramba bitanga umusaruro muremure mugihe bigabanya ingaruka kubidukikije. Muguhitamo neza, urashobora guhindura imikorere ya laboratoire no gushyigikira imikorere irambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-15-2025